May 20, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Engagement Ring Buyer`s Guide

Categories: Fashion Accessories
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Buying an engagement ring can be an exciting time of shopping and hunting for the perfect ring. Some people take a laid back approach to it, where they simply go into a store, find one and head out again. But for others, they have to know everything about the engagement ring in order to make a selection. There is the diamond cut, color, shape and size to consider, as well as the settings, metal, arrangement and assortment of jewels.

The diamond color might not be the first thing you think of when looking for a ring, but it might steer you in the right direction. The color can determine what price range you`re looking at. A diamond that is a D color is the purist diamond that is available and is rare to find. Color E-F is a colorless diamond, G-H is near colorless and can only be seen if put beside a pure diamond, I-J is also near colorless with a bit of color detectable to the common eye.

The shape of the diamond is probably the most fun thing to pick out. There is the traditional round solitaire diamond, a princess look, which is a box style shape, there is the Lucida style, emerald, oval, the pear shape, marquise, cushion which resembles the oval shape, and a heart shape, which is not the most popular engagement ring shape, but still liked by some.

The setting of the diamond or diamonds on the band can affect how the ring looks. You can by it in a solitaire shape, which is classic and traditional as well. It can come in a three stone style, where three diamonds are side by side, one might be taller than the other or they could be all the same. The Pave style, a diamond band, where the band is covered in diamonds, the diamonds can be small or the entire band could be made up of diamonds that are bigger. There are also the side stones, where two small stones accompany the bigger one in the middle; the stones could be diamonds or another jewel.

The band of the ring might be reflective on personal taste. Some people prefer yellow gold while others love white gold. Usually the ring of both the bride and groom are matched up so finding a band color that is liked by both parties is required. Also the actual wedding band will be matched up to the engagement ring band.

Engagement diamond shades are usually a clear translucent shade; however some rings have been seen in a pink hue or a blue hue. Some celebrities have sported around huge pink diamonds on their fingers to show off.

The best thing to do is write down all of the things that are important to you. Figure out what band style and color you want, the price you want to spend and how you want the overall ring to look. Is this a ring you are picking out for your future spouse or are you picking it out together? If this is a ring you are surprising her with, ensure that you know her style in them first. You can ask her friends to snoop around or family, or you can casually ask her in random situations, without her getting suspicious of course. Either way, buying a ring is the beginning of something beautiful.

You can have access to articles about jewelry in Portuguese language from page PoloMercantil

Written by robertoms2003

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May 20, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Credit Repair: Repairing The Credit Score, of Course With Patience

Categories: Credit Repair
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Credit Repair: Repairing the Credit Score, of Course with Patience

brotee mukhopadhyay

Numerous credit repairing companies are active now-a-days. They have well-equipped professionals to guide and help the people whose credit report is too weak to secure finance from any of the lending agencies. Services offered by these companies are, however, highly expensive. How can a person bear such financial pressure when he has been searching means to get rid of a debt-trap? Credit repairing requires, in most of the cases, time to recover from the undesired plight. It is not like a medicine, intake of which will provide immediate remedy. Professionals from the credit repairing companies attract people with lofty assurances which demand scrutiny in the practical field. It is not wise to look for assistance from these credit repairing agencies. On the other hand, people can begin with the basics.

·         The borrower who requires repairing of his credit status should first review the credit report. Credit report is created by Equifax, Experian and Trans Union which are actually financial bureaus. These bureaus work with the materials of financial transactions which include personal details of the borrower, amount of loans he has borrowed, amount he has paid, accounts of less payment/ late payment/arrears/bankruptcies etc.

·         The financial bureaus prepare the credit report of an individual debtor independently, and their credit reports may not lead to the same results. Result is meant for the credit score which is derived from details of the credit report. The greater the credit score is, the greater will be the chance for the debtor to be eligible for finance. The borrower must collect free copy of his credit report from the financial bureaus, one piece from each of the three. The Fair Credit Reporting Act has made this legal and the borrower can avail his credit report once in a year.

·         The borrower may find errors in the credit report. He may find that his credit report contains written off or closed accounts too. He should approach the bureaus for necessary correction. The bureaus must send the corrected copies of the credit report to the lenders who have advanced loans to the borrower for half of a year last. The bureaus may appear unwilling to get the mistakes corrected. The borrower should write dispute letters, and the bureaus are legally bound to take adequate action within one month.

·         Sometimes, the borrower may have shortage of finance. He may foresee that he will fail to reimburse the monthly installments at the right time. It is always right to bring his incapacity to the notice of the lender who can allow an extension in the repayment schedule. The lender will count him as a trusted customer if he, within a short time, comes back with what is called overdue payment.

·         He should keep the following in his mind:

a)      35% of the credit score is built up with the accounts of repayment.

b)      The credit score may remain unaffected for any late payment of 30 days, but late payment of 90 days lowers the credit score.

·         The debtor must not indulge in any foul game. This deteriorates mutual trust between the lender and the debtor. Sometimes, borrowers transfer the outstanding to a credit card in which interest is charged at lower rates. The lender does not approve this. This type of moves wears away the credit score.

·         The borrower should keep an eye on the utilization ratio. Utilization ratio is obtained by dividing the total debt by total available credit. Health of the credit status responds to that of the utilization ratio.  

              Examples:

a)      The difference between the credit that a person has already utilized and the entire credit that he can secure plays a role to shape the credit score. The credit score goes down if the difference becomes smaller. A thing like this takes place when a person attempts to close his sleeping credit cards without reimbursing their total dues.

b)      The borrower should learn to maintain small balance. A healthy utilization ratio paves way for better credit status. Dues take responsibility of 30% of the credit score. Therefore, the debtor must not apply for a loan which is greater than 30% of the credit balance.

Written by broteem

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May 19, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

A Vision of Food Related Laws With Special Reference To Consumer

Categories: Waste Disposer
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Importance of Food: Food is an important part of religious observance and spiritual ritual for many faiths including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. The role of food in cultural practices and religious beliefs is complex and varies among individuals and communities [1].

The Holy Prophet Muhammad recommended even for pious man the quantity of food “which is just sufficient to keep his back-bone erect”.

There are milk, honey, grapes, lamb, olives … in fact, since Christians believe that all good things are a gift of God, every food has deep religious significance [2]
Eating is an important activity, which is required in order to live. It is God, who has created each and every thing. Food, hunger, living beings, all of them the part of God’s creation. One should remember God, the Omnipresent, who has given both, sweet and sour delicacies to satisfy our taste buds. Following is the sloka/sholka which can be recited while eating or taking your food.

There are number of pre-constitutional and post-constitutional laws, orders, rules that aim at the protection of the consumer interests with special reference to food aspect whether directly or indirectly. Some of these enactments are the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937, the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, the Standard of Weights and Measures Act, 1976, Bureau of India Standards Act, 1986, the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, the Fruit Products Order, 1955, the Meat Food Products Order, 1973, the Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947, the Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998, the Solvent Extracted Oil, De oiled Meal, and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967, the Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992. The Constitution of India which is the fundamental law of the land also contains a number of provisions which go a long way in protecting the rights of the consumers. These provisions include Article 21 which deals with the right to life and personal liberty, Article  47 which guarantees the right to health and Article 48-A which aims at a pollution free environment for all citizens etc. The Supreme Court has held that the right to life under Article 21 includes the right to a healthy and safe environment. Several Acts and orders prevailed in India to safeguard food safety and the health of the consumer. They were introduced to complement and supplement each other in achieving total food safety and quality. The Central Government declared the year of 2008-09 as “Food Safety and Quality year”.

The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937[4]
This Act provides for the grading and marking of agricultural and other allied commodities with the objective of making available only the quality agricultural produce including horticulture and livestock produce to the consumers. Under the provisions of this Act, the Central Government is authorized to make rules fixing grade designation to indicate the quality of any scheduled article, specifying grade designation, authorizing interested parties to grade, specifying conditions regarding manner of marking packaging etc and providing for the confiscation and disposal of produce marked otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Act etc:-

It is a mark given under Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act popularly known as AGMARK Act. Affixing or printing AGMARK on a food product means that the particular food item satisfies the standard prescribed under the Act. It provides assurance of quality to the consumers. The AGMARK are given to agricultural, horticultural, forest and livestock products. The Act and the rules stipulate conditions governing use of the standards and lays down procedures for marking, packing and sealing etc. AGMARK is not mandatory; but to apply AGMARK to a product that does not conform to the standards prescribed is an offence. Approved laboratories undertake analysis and testing the purity of products and prescribe conditions for use of the label, packing and marking also. The complaints and grievances of the consumers in respect of AGMARK grade products can be made to Agricultural marketing advisor who is empowered to order free replacement of the product. A consumer can also approach consumer redressal agencies also i.e District Forum , State Commission and National Commission etc.,

The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954:-
It is Act to make provision for the prevention of adulteration of food. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act is a welfare legislation to prevent health hazards by consuming adulterated food. The mensrea is not an essential ingredient. It is a social evil and the Act prohibits commission of the offences under the Act. The essential ingredient is sale to the purchaser by the vendor. It is not material to establish the capacity of the person vis-à-vis the owner of the shop to prove his authority to sell the adulterated food exposed for sale in the shop. It is enough for prosecution to establish that the person who sold the adulterated article had sold it to the purchaser including the Food Inspector and that Food Inspector purchased the same in strict compliance with the provisions of the Act [5]. The main objective of the Act is to protect the public from poisonous and harmful foods, to prevent the sale of substandard foods and to protect the interests of the consumers by eliminating fraudulent practices.

Definition of Food: any article used as food or drink for human consumption other than drugs and water and includes
a. Any article which ordinarily enters into or is used in the composition or preparation of human food

b. Any flavouring matter or condiments and

c. Any other article which the Central Government may having regard to its use, nature, substance or quality, declare, by notification in the official gazette as food for the purpose of this Act.

Initiative and Remedy to Consumer under this Act
The word Consumer has not defined under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954. But the provision provides that the Central Committee for Food Standards Consist of five representatives nominated by the Central Government to represent the consumers interests, one of whom shall be from the hotel industry[6].

The Purchaser or Consumer or recognized consumer association can send any article of food to Public Analyst for analysis report after informing the vendor at the time of purchase his or its intention to have such article so analyzed.[7]
The public analyst shall deliver a report to the Local (Health) Authority of the result of the analysis of any article of food submitted to him for analysis.[8]
On receipt of the report of the analysis to the effect that the article of food is adulterated, the local (Health) authority shall, after the institution of prosecution against the persons from whom the sample of the article of food was taken. The person or persons who sent for analysis or public analyst, either or both of them may make an application to the Court within a period of ten days from the date of receipt of the copy of the report to get the sample of the article of food kept by the local (Health) Authority analyzed by the Central Food Laboratory[9]. A Complaint under section 20 of the Act could be instituted not only apart from Central or State Government by a person authorized in that behalf[10].

Penalties:- Section 16 of PF Act, 1954 provides that subject to the provisions of sub-section(1-A) , if any person whether by himself or by another person on his behalf, imports into India or manufactures for sales, or stores or distributes any article of food which is adulterated………or misbranded or the sale of which is prohibited under any provision of this Act or any rule made thereunder or by an order of the Food (Health) Authority and whether by himself or by any other person on his behalf , imports into India or manufactures for sales, or stores, or sells or distributes any adulterant which is not injurious to health be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not less than six months but which may extend to three years, and with fine which shall not be less than one thousand rupees:

Section 16 (1-A) provides that if any person whether by himself or by any other person on his behalf, imports into India or manufactures for sale, or stores, sells or distributes any article of food which is adulterated within the meaning of any of the sub-clauses (e) to (l) (both inclusive) of clause (i-a) of section 2 or any adulterant which is injurious to health shall in addition to the penalty to which he may be liable under the provisions of section 6, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not less than one year but which many extend to six years and with fine which shall not less than two thousand rupees. If such article of food or adulterant when consumed by any person is likely to cause his death or is likely, to cause such harm on his body as would amount to grievous hurt within the meaning of section 320 of the Indian Penal Code shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to term of life and with fine which shall not be less than five thousand rupees.

Essential Commodities Act, 1955
The EC Act, 1955 gives powers to control production, supply, distribution etc. of essential commodities for maintaining or increasing supplies and for securing their equitable distribution and availability at fair prices. Using the powers under the Act, various Ministries/Departments of the Central Government have issued Control Orders for regulating production/distribution/quality aspects/movement etc. pertaining to the commodities which are essential and administered by them.

The Essential Commodities Act is being implemented by the State Governments/UT Administrations by availing of the delegated powers under the Act. The State Governments/UT Administrations have issued various Control Orders to regulate various aspects of trading in Essential Commodities such as foodgrains, edible oils, pulses kerosene, sugar etc. The Central Government regularly monitors the action taken by State Governments/UT Administrations to implement the provisions of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955.

The items declared as essential commodities under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 are reviewed from time to time in the light of liberalized economic policies in consultation with the Ministries/Departments administering the essential commodities. At present the list of essential commodities contains 15 items in which Foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and oils are under Item no.6 of the List.

Powers to control production, supply, distribution, etc., of essential commodities[11]—
(1) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do for maintaining or increasing supplies of any essential commodity or for securing their equitable distribution and availability at fair prices, or for securing any essential commodity for the defence of India or the efficient conduct of military operations, it may, by order, provide for regulating, or prohibiting the production supply and distribution thereof and trade and commerce therein.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by subsection (1), an order made thereunder may provide—

(a) for regulating by licenses, permits or otherwise the production or manufacture of any essential commodity;

(b) for bringing under cultivation any waste or arable land, whether appurtenant to a building or not, for the growing thereon of food-crops generally or of specified food-crops, and for otherwise maintaining or increasing the cultivation of food-crops generally, or of specified food-crops;

(c) For controlling the price at which essential commodity may be bought or sold;

(d) For regulating by licences, permits or otherwise the storage, transport, distribution, disposal, acquisition use or consumption of, any essential commodity;

(e) For prohibiting the withholding from sale of any essential commodity ordinarily kept for sale.

(f) for requiring any person holding in stock, or engaged in the production, or in the business of buying or selling, of any essential commodity,-

(a) To sell the whole or a specified part of the quantity held in stock or produced or received by him or,

(b) in the case of any such commodity which is likely to be produced or received by him, to sell the whole or a specified part of such commodity when produced or received by him, to the Central Government or a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to a Corporation owned or controlled by such Government or to such other person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order.

(g) for regulating or prohibiting any class of commercial or financial transactions relating to foodstuffs or cotton textiles which, in the opinion of the authority making the order, are, or, if unregulated, are likely to be, detrimental to the public interest;

(h) For collecting any information or statistics with a view to regulating or prohibiting any of the aforesaid matters;

Penalties [12]
(1) If any person contravenes any order made under section 3,—

(a) He shall be punishable,—

(i) in the case of an order made with reference to clause (h) or clause (i) of sub-section (2) of that section, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year and shall also be liable to fine, and

(ii) in the case of any other order, with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three months but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine:

Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than three months;

(b) any property in respect of which the order has been contravened shall be forfeited to the Government;

(c) any package, covering or receptacle in which the property is found and any animal, vehicle, vessel or other conveyance used in carrying the commodity shall, if the court so orders, be forfeited to the Government.

A number of quality control orders have been issued under Essential Commodities Act,1955 such as Fruit Products Order,1955; The Solvent Extracted Oil, De-oiled Meal and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967: Milk and Milk Products Order,1992; Meat Food Products Order, 1973 and Vegetable Oils Control (Regulation) Order, 1998;The Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998;

Fruit Products Order (FPO), 1955
Fruit Products Order -1955, promulgated under Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act – 1955, aims at regulating sanitary and hygienic conditions in manufacture of fruit, vegetable products. It is mandatory for all manufacturers of fruit, vegetable products to obtain a license under this Order. To ensure good quality products, manufactured under hygienic conditions, the Fruit Product Order lays down the minimum requirements for:

1. Sanitary and hygienic conditions of premises, surrounding and personnel.
2. Water to be used for processing.
3. Machinery and equipment.
4. Product standards.
Besides this, maximum limits of preservatives, additives and contaminants have also been specified for various products.

This order is implemented by Ministry of Food Processing Industries through the Directorate of Fruit & Vegetable Preservation at New Delhi. The Directorate has four regional offices located at Delhi. The Directorate has four regional offices located at Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai, as well as sub-offices at Lucknow and Guwahati. The officials of the Directorate undertake frequent inspections of the manufacturing units and draw random samples of products from the manufactures and markets which are analyzed in the laboratories to test their conformity with the specifications laid under FPO. The Central Fruit Advisory Committee comprising of the officials of concerned Government Departments, Technical experts, representatives of Central food Technology Research Institute, Bureau of Indian standards, Fruits and Vegetable Products and processing Industry, is responsible for recommending amendments in the Fruit Product Order, In view of the demands of the industry, and the liberalised economic scenario, major amendments were made in FPO during 1997.

The Solvent Extracted Oil, De-oiled Meal and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967
This Order is basically a quality control order to ensure that the solvent extracted oils in particular are not reached to the consumers for consumption before the same are refined and conformed to the quality standards specified in the Order for the purpose. Standards for the solvent (hexane), which is to be used for extraction of oil from the oil-bearing materials, have also been specified so as to eliminate possible contamination of oil from the solvent used.

Salient Features
• Governs the manufacture, quality and movement of solvent extracted oils, de-oiled meal and edible flour;
• Consumer protection through quality assurance of solvent extracted oils, de-oiled meal and edible flour;
• Eliminates the possibility of diversion of the oils for uses not intended.
• Prohibit by, offer to buy, use or stock for use, any solvent not conforming to the quality standards for extraction of vegetable oils; and
• Specifies particulars to be declared on the label affixed to the container.

Meat Food Products Order,1973 (MFPO)
Meat Food Products Order, 1973 (MFPO) promulgated under the provisions of Essential Commodities Act, 1955 provides for sanitary and other requirements, limits of heavy metals, preservatives, insecticides, residue, etc., for meat food products. This order was being implemented by Ministry of Rural Development in the Ministry of Rural Area & Employment. As on 31st March 1998 there were 128 licenses issued under MFPO 1973.As per the recent amendment to the Allocation of Business, Ministry of Agriculture (Depts. of Agriculture & Cooperation) would now be the Administrative Ministry for this Order.

Milk & Milk Products Order, 1992(MMPO)
Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992 administered by the Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying under Ministry of Agriculture was promulgated on 9th June, 1992 under the provision of Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 with a view to maintain an increased supply of liquid milk of desired quality to the general public. This order regulated production, supply and distribution of milk and milk products throughout the country. The order also seeks to ensure the observance of sanitary requirements for dairies, machinery and premises, and quality control standards for milk and milk products. So far, 254 registration certificates under MOP, 1992 has been issued by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.

Vegetable Oil Products Order, 1998
The Vegetable Oil Products industry is regulated by this Order through the Directorate of Vanaspati, Vegetable Oils & Fats, Department of Food, Public Distribution, Ministry of consumer Affairs, and Food & Public Distribution. The earlier two Orders – Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947 and Vegetable Oil Products (Standards of Quality) Order, 1975 have been replaced by a single Order called “Vegetable Oil Products (Regulation) Order, 1998 for proper regulation of manufacture, distribution and sale of Vegetable Oil Products.

Salient Features of the Order:
1) The procedure of Registration has been simplified.
2) The Standards of quality prescribed under the Schedule have been tightened.
3)The requirement where which are vogue and non measurable and thus open to arbitrary interpretation have been done away with.

Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998
In order to ensure availability of safe and quality edible oils in packed form at pre-determined prices to the consumers, the Central Govt. promulgated on 17th September, 1998, an Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998 under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to make packaging of edible oils, sold in retail, compulsory unless specifically exempted by the concerned State Govt.

Salient Features
• Edible oils including edible mustard oil will be allowed to be sold only in packed form from 15th December, 1998.

• Packers will have to register themselves with a registering authority.

• The packer will have to have his own analytical facilities or adequate arrangements for testing the samples of edible oils to the satisfaction of the Government.

• Only oils which conform to the standards of quality as specified in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and Rules made there under will be allowed to be packed.

• Each container or pack will have to show all relevant particulars so that the consumer is not misled, so also the identity of the packer becomes clear.

• Edible oils shall be packed in conformity with the Standards of Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 1977, and the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and Rules made there under.

• The State Governments will have power to relax any requirement of the packaging order for meeting special circumstances.

The word “consumer”[13] which means any person who,—

(i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment. When such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for any commercial purpose; or

(ii) hires or avails of any services for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any beneficiary of such services other than the person who hires 1[or avails of] the services for consideration paid or promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such services are availed of with the approval of the first mentioned person.

Explanation.—For the purposes of sub-clause (i), “commercial purpose” does not include use by a consumer of goods bought and used by him exclusively for the purpose of earning his livelihood, by means of self-employment;

The word “defect”[14] means any fault, imperfection or shortcoming in the quality, quantity, potency, purity or standard which is required to be maintained by or under any law for the time being in force or 1[under any contract, express or implied, or] as is claimed by the trader in any manner whatsoever in relation to any goods;

The word “deficiency”[15] means any fault, imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in the quality, nature and manner of performance which is required to be maintained by or under any law for the time being in force or has been undertaken to be performed by a person in pursuance of a contract or otherwise in relation to any service;

If the consumer faces any grievance relating to food in way of defective good from any trader, manufacturer etc or deficiency of service from any hotel etc., he can get remedy by filing complaint before the consumer redressal agencies i.e District Forum, State Commission and National Commission basing on claim amount involved.

Food Safety And Standards Act, 2006:
It is an Act to consolidate the laws relating to food and to establish the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India for laying down science based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import, to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. This Act is still in the infant stage and certain sections are not yet notified. This Act consists of 101 sections and 2 schedules. The Second Schedule gives the details of Food Act/Orders which will stand repealed on commencement of the section 97 of the Act. Those were

1. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (37 of 1954).
2. The Fruit Products Order, 1955.
3. The Meat Food Products Order, 1973.
4. The Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947.
5. The Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order, 1998.
6. The Solvent Extracted Oil, De oiled Meal, and Edible Flour (Control) Order, 1967.
7. The Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992.
8. Any other order issued under the Essential Commodities

Act, 1955 (10 of 1955) relating to food.
The Food Safety and Standards Act 2006 was introduced to overcome these shortcomings and to give more importance to safety standards. This Act consolidates the laws relating to food and establishes the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSA) for laying down science-based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import, to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption.

This Act provides for the establishment of the FSSA which is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. FSSA’s work programs ensure the provision of appropriate scientific, technical and administrative support for scientific committees and scientific panels, ensuring that the FSSA carries out its tasks in accordance with the requirements of its users, prepares statements of revenue and expenditure and executes the budget, while developing and maintaining contact with the Central Government and ensuring a regular dialogue with its relevant committees. The FSSA shall establish a Central Advisory Committee, and this committee shall advise the FSSA in drawing up proposals for the FSSA’s work program, prioritization of work, identifying potential risks, pooling of knowledge and other functions specified by the regulations.

Sec.3(j)[16] of the FSS Act, 2006 provides that “food” means any substance, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed, which is intended for human consumption and includes primary food to the extent defined in clause (zk), genetically modified or engineered food or food containing such ingredients, infant food, packaged drinking water, alcoholic drink, chewing gum, and any substance, including water used into the food during its manufacture, preparation or treatment but does not include any animal feed, live animals unless they are prepared or processed for placing on the market for human consumption, plants prior to harvesting, drugs and medicinal products, cosmetics, narcotic or psychotropic substances:

Provided that the Central Government may declare, by notification in the Official Gazette, any other article as food for the purposes of this Act having regards to its use, nature, substance, or quality;

There are general principles to be followed in administration of Act[17]:- The Central Government, the State Governments, the Food Authority and other agencies, as the case may be, while implementing the provisions of this Act shall be guided by the following principles, namely:-

(1) (a) Endeavour to achieve an appropriate level of protection of human life and health and the protection of consumer’s interests, including fair practices in all kinds of food trade with reference to food safety standards and practices;

(f) in cases where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that a food may present a risk for human health, then, depending on the nature, seriousness and extent of that risk, the Food Authority and the Commissioner of Food Safety shall take appropriate steps to inform the general public of the nature of the risk to health, identifying to the fullest extent possible the food or type of food, the risk that it may present, and the measures which are taken or about to be taken to prevent, reduce or eliminate that risk;

(2) The Food Authority shall, while framing regulations or specifying standards under this Act-
(e) Ensure protection of the interests of consumers and shall provide a basis for consumers to make informed choices in relation to foods they consume;

Compensation in case of injury or death of consumer[18]:- (1) Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Chapter, if any person whether by himself or by another person on his behalf, manufactures or distributes or sells or imports any article of food causing injury to the consumer or his death, it shall be lawful for the Adjudicating Officer or as the case may be, the Court to direct him to pay compensation to the victim or the legal representative of the victim, a sum-

(a) Not less than five lakh rupees in case of death;
(b) Not exceeding three lakh rupees in case of grievous injury; and
(c) not exceeding one lakh rupees, in all other case of injury:

Provided that the compensation shall be paid at the earliest and in no case later than six months from the date of occurrence of the incident:
Provided further that in case of death, an interim relief shall be paid to the later next of the kin within thirty days of the incident.

(2) Where any person is held guilty of an offence leading to grievous injury or death, the Adjudicating Officer or the Court may cause the name and place of residence of the person held guilty, the offence and the penalty imposed to be published at the offender’s expense in such newspapers or in such other manner as the Adjudicating Officer to the Court may direct and the expenses of such publication shall be deemed to be part of the cost attending the conviction and shall be recoverable in the same manner as a fine.

(3) The Adjudicating Officer or the Court may also-

(a) order for cancellation of license, recall of food from market, forfeiture of establishment and property in case of grievous injury or death of consumer;

(b) issue prohibition orders in other cases.

Penalty for contravention of provisions of this Act in case of import of articles of food to be in addition to penalties provided under any other Act[19]-(1) Any person who imports any article of food which is in contravention of the provisions of this Act, rules and regulations made there under, shall, in addition to any penalty to which he may be liable under the provisions of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992 and the Customs Act, 1962 be also liable under this Act and shall be proceeded against accordingly.

(2) Any such article of food shall be destroyed or returned to the importer, if permitted by the competent authority under the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation ) Act, 1992 or the Customs Act, 1962, or any other Act, as the case may be.

Suggestions
1. Need for creating awareness about food safety and services.
2. There should be emphasis on good manufacturing practices instead of detection of adulteration and prosecution.
3. More laboratories with sophisticated technology to meet the current scenario tests to be established.
4. The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 to be implemented soon to give efficacious results to the protection of consumer .
5. The harmonization of multiple food laws is necessary to have a uniform and logical approach for regulating the quality of food.

Written by mohanrsca
Professional writer writing on the topics of beauty,fashion,health,friend,love

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May 19, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Mesothelioma Attorneys

Categories: Mesothelioma
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Malignant mesothelioma is a very rare form of cancer that is caused by exposure to asbestos. The reason that this cancer is associated with asbestos is because people who develop mesothelioma have had exposure to asbestos at some point and often worked at a job site where asbestos was used for insulation, construction or other purposes. Asbestos is a known carcinogen and scientists report that there is no safe amount of exposure to asbestos.

Unfortunately, when any material, such as drywall, contains asbestos and is disturbed because of repair, remodeling, or demolition, the very small fibers of asbestos can become airborne. If a person is unfortunate enough to be within the vicinity of these fibers and inhales it, the exposure may lead to malignant mesothelioma years down the road. Some of the early symptoms of mesothelioma can include shortness of breath, cough, terrible pains in the chest, and weight loss. This is a slow progressing cancer and it may take as long as 20 years or more after a person has been exposed to asbestos for malignant mesothelioma to appear. Due to the fact that it can take a long time for malignant mesothelioma to develop, it is important for people who are ill and have been exposed to asbestos to talk with a knowledgeable attorney about possible sources of exposure.

Working with mesothelioma victims requires a large amount of experience and compassion. Sometimes a mesothelioma lawsuit may become quite complex and involve several defendants often the companies who manufactured the products containing asbestos. Sometimes a person may have worked in more than one job where he or she was exposed to asbestos. However, it could be decades until a mesothelioma diagnosis is made. Professional mesothelioma attorneys possess the knowledge and experience to sort through the complex legal issues and help clients. If you, or a loved one, are faced with mesothelioma, then top advisors recommend finding seasoned mesothelioma attorneys for potential claims.

Although money is not a substitute for health, a person suffering with malignant mesothelioma may find comfort from the funds a settlement or lawsuit victory may bring. These funds could help family members pay for medical expenses and ensure financial security for the family down the road. Mesothelioma attorneys have the experience necessary to help a victim receive compensation.

Dont feel alone if you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma: invest some time in learning more about this cancer and emerging treatments to prolong life. For more information on this disease and to find support resources for mesothelioma attorneys, and more, visit Mesotheliomanews.com.

Vicki is interested in mesothelioma and keeps up to date on the latest developments by reading www.mesotheliomanews.com on a regular basis.

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May 18, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Autism Jewelry for Fundraising and Awareness

Categories: Wine Glass Charms
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With the rising incidences of autism and autism spectrum disorders, more and more people are becoming vocal about this disability.  Many decorate their car with magnetic decals, wear t-shirts that speak about autism, and adorn themselves with autism jewelry.  Autism jewelry is great for both men and women, and can be used to raise awareness or for fundraising purposes.

Autism Jewelry – The Symbols and Meanings

The symbol of autism awareness is the puzzle piece.  This was chosen because of the mystery and complexity surrounding the autism diagnosis.  There are so many categorizations and symptoms of autism, some of the contradictory.  The puzzle piece symbol is very fitting.

Autism symbology often uses the primary colors of red, yellow, and blue.  These colors are bright, happy colors associated with childhood.  They also symbolize the many faces of autism today.

Autism Jewelry – The Autism Ribbon

Like most modern causes, autism has a ribbon.  Breast cancer has a pink ribbon, heart disease’s ribbon is red.  Autism uses the multi-colored puzzle piece design to cover its ribbon.  This ribbon design is used in a lot of autism jewelry.  It is also used for magnetic car signs, clothing decoration, and other autism awareness items.

Autism Jewelry – Retail Sources

If you wish to purchase autism jewelry for your personal use, you can find many different styles at the retail sources listed below.  Some popular autism jewelry styles include stretchy bracelets with ribbon and puzzle piece charms, large puzzle piece key chains or necklace charms, and autism wristbands.

Some of the most popular places to purchase autism jewelry, and other autism awareness items, online are: AutismGear.com, CraftsNScraps.com, and AutismAwarenessJewelry.com. 

Autism Jewelry – Wholesale Fundraising Sources

If you want to purchase autism jewelry in bulk to sell it for fundraising purposes, you will probably either need a resale license or be a recognized charity.  You can purchase key chains, necklaces, bracelets, and other autism jewelry items in bulk.

A few places that sell wholesale autism jewelry are Fundraising-JewelryWholesale.com and AwarenessDepot.com.

If you or your group is planning an autism fundraising event, it is a good idea to purchase a large quantity of autism jewelry.  Mark the items up a certain percentage and send all the profits to your autism charity of choice.

Wearing autism jewelry is a great way to show your involvement with this common disability.  You can choose to wear autism jewelry to create camaraderie with other parents of autistic spectrum children.  You can also purchase wholesale autism jewelry for fundraising sales.  Whatever reason, autism jewelry is a great thing to purchase and wear.

Written by MelanieM

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May 18, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Thomas Sabo Jewellery – Three Core Collections Of Thomas Sabo

Categories: Thomas Sabo
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Silver jewelry offered by Thomas Sabo is made with silver and colored enamel, semiprecious stones and glass. The entire collection is made with great care and quality controlled to ensure solid quality.

The three core collections are offered by the designer -
1. Rebel at Heart
2. Season
3. Classic.

Rebel at Heart
The issue presented by the rebels, the collection of the heart is Rock and Roll. It is usually a sister unisex collection for women and men who are calm, quiet and charming.

Red, black and silver are the main colors that dominate this collection. The emphasis is largely established in Swords, skulls. The pendants have a clasp for easy removal and attachment to leather cords and silver chains. There are continuous updating makes the collection as the key to the new design now includes cross and a crown. Lily and Gothic cross with no problems have arisen in the current stock.

Seasonal Collection
The collection of the season always includes the introduction of many novel idea based on all happiness of life, a subject that is gay. The core of this new idea is the summer of love section.

One of the early favorite is the Garden of Paradise jewelry designs. This range features a medallion of giant strawberries, huge red cherries, dragonfly and butterfly pendant cross. Obviously, this variety has been expressed in nature in all its charm and splendor.
A collection of so-called sub perfectly pure summer and passion that are outstanding and brilliant. Both have vibrant turquoise blue and bright red coral accordingly.

Classic Collection
The classic collection has brought her collection of some of the new tones. Several famous bracelets and necklaces of colors are still there, but with the onset of hand-faceted stones are white, black and pink. The aim of this collection are pieces for daily use and the parts that add a little glam to your computer is not going on the board. It is an extraordinary variety.

Thomas Sabo Charm Club
Another main library is the popular Thomas Sabo Charm Club Collection, which offers a range of over 500 amulets can be worn with silver bracelets are either elastic or beaded bracelets and a variety of different chains and necklaces. With each new season more addition to this collection.

In the latest edition of Thomas Sabo is the reintroduction of the charms of the horoscope. These have been skillfully restored and becomes a real hit with fans charm.

You have a number of options to get when we look at using these Thomas Sabo Charms. Charm bracelets come in great variety, contemporary beaded bracelets have the option of storing up to three spells at the same time or classic silver link bracelets. So the three collections of precious charms Thomas, you are given a variety of charms and other pieces of jewelry. This collection can definitely find something to your liking.

Giving your deeply loved girl a Thomas Sabo Jewellery thumbprint heart charm may be wonderful. This classic, sterling silver thumbprint heart charm comes from professional and qualified charm maker.

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May 17, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Carlton on Madison Hotel – New York City (Nyc)

Categories: Wood Flooring NYC
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Possibly one of the most sophisticated hotels in New York is the Carlton on Madison. This hotel is situated on 88 Madison Avenue which is one of the most prestigious areas within the city.

The Carlton is perfect for those who are looking for a first class venue to stay whilst on business or even for pleasure who are simply looking for the best. The designer of this hotel David Rockwell has put the hotel on the map as being on of the most beautiful available. The hotel has retained much of its 1904 charms such as extravagant chandeliers and herringbone wood flooring but it has new additions such as seductive black leather sofas and chairs and modern a pallet of warm yet neutral earth tones. All these features combined have created a true marvel.

The amenities of the hotel do not disappoint either, concierge services can be found in the lobby, limo transfer services are available also and modern features such as wireless internet can be accessed throughout. There is a fitness center within the hotel also which spans to over 800 square feet. Within the center are many weight and cardio machines and a yoga area. Although the building is old the presence of modern touches such as i-pod docking stations and televisions in the gym bright it right up to date.

After exploring the fitness center guests can indulge in relaxation in their rooms. There are 317 in the hotel and each has been designed by David Rockewell so the luxurious theme that can be seen in the lobby is continued in all. Cool tones have been used in the room and materials such as leather in the tall headboards make the double beds look so appealing and they are dressed with only the best bedding being used.

Written by Sophie Middleton
Writer and editor

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May 17, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Feeding Birds Through Your Decorative Bird Feeders

Categories: Bird Houses For Sale
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In the case of decorative bird feeders, there are two reasons why you should have them. First, they are there to offer feeds to different kinds of wild birds and second, they add a touch of style with functionality in your garden. The pet market is full of beautifully designed bird feeders such as gazebo bird feeders and those that you can put up using a bird feeder pole. Designed and shaped to resemble a house in this case are the gazebo bird feeders. You can either prop it up on top of a flat surface or just nail it to a tree branch. There are also decorative bird feeders that you can hang in just about anywhere. It is a common sight to see homes with bird feeders and if you look closely, the feeders are mini versions of the actual houses. The farmhouse look is also a common bird feeder design and this is where the traditional feel kicks in. There should be no traces of paint on the inside portion of the bird feeder you will use. The reason is that the paint may release fumes during hot weather conditions which can harm small birds. Your bird feeders should not have problems when it comes to loose screws, exposed wires, or protruding metals. Again, these can be harmful to the birds. In the same note, look at the design of the feeder as there may be limitations to the kinds of birds foods that you can place in it. In case that your feeder does not have one, you do not need to get worried. What you need to do on the other hand is always consider the safety of the birds when you look for a spot for the feeder. If you feeder comes with a bird feeder pole, make sure that you maintain a safe distance of about six feet from the ground to the feeders. It is important that the birds be able to fit in the open port holes of your gazebo bird feeders. You need to check the basin to see to it that there is enough food for the birds. You can always have decorative bird feeders without having to spend more than what needs to be spent. You can always work on a bird feeder project if you wish. The savings that you can get from doing so will be worth it.

The bird feed is another element where creativity can be used. Here is where you will not just be filling the basin with food. You can add peanut butter mixes on one side, some cracked corns on the other side and so on. There are plenty of things to gain with decorative bird feeders. What you have here is a great addition to the home. And when you see it full of life brought by frequent bird visits, you will know that you have made a wonderful thing to be proud of.

To find out how Bird Feeders amazed many people, then visit my website now to learn and see how window bird feeder can help to beautify your home and garden.

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May 16, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

How to Shake the Winter Blues by Making Bird houses for Blue Jays

Categories: Bird Houses For Sale
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How often do you find yourself stuck in the house on them cold winter days, suffering from the winter blues? I bet you said quite often, if you did then your answer is like that of most people during the winter months. I want you to stop right now and think about what you just read, if you do find yourself stuck in the house during the winter with nothing to do, you should consider yourself very lucky. Most people are always complaining that they don’t have enough time in the day to get things done. So, according to a lot of folks, if you have nothing to do in the winter because your stuck inside, you are indeed a very lucky person.

Now, if this is true and you find yourself in the winter with nothing to do, and you need an idea to help shake the winter blues, why not take up a great hobby like making bird houses for Blue Jays. Making bird houses is not only easy it’s also fun, and if you don’t want to keep and use the bird houses for yourself, you can give them away as gifts or even make some extra money selling them at craft shows, yard sales or online.

The design for a Blue Jay bird house can be as detailed as your imagination, or as simple as a shoebox shape made out of wood, and turned to hang or stand on end.

There are just a few things you will need to make Blue Jay bird houses; wood, a good weather resistant wood works fine in a size of around 3/4 inch thick. Some people use plywood that’s been treated for outdoors use, while others stay away from treated lumber, saying the chemicals can harm the birds, I have made bird houses from treated plywood for years, and have never seen any harmful effects done to the birds that make their homes in them, the choice of wood is up to you.

You will also need a nice saw to cut the wood with, either a power saw or a good wood cutting hand saw works fine, a vise to hold your wood securely while cutting it, ruler or tape measure to measure your wood pieces, and either your choice of nails, screws or wood glue to secure the pieces of wood together, you will also need either a jigsaw or a hole saw attachment for a drill, to make the entrance hole for the Blue Jays.

Cut out and assemble your Blue Jay bird house like you are making a narrow shoebox, it should have 4 sides, and a top and bottom, some people make the roof slanted so the rain will easily fall off, while some folks just leave the roofs flat and use a waterproof cover or coating to repel the elements, again the choice is yours on how elaborate you want to make the Blue Jay bird houses.

The one thing you should add are a few small holes in the bottom for more ventilation and to allow any rain that enters the entrance hole from a blowing storm, or melting snow, to drain properly. The average size most designers cut the entrance hole depends on the type of Blue Jays in their region, you want a hole that’s just big enough for an adult Blue Jay to enter, and yet stops larger aggressive intruders. Again, you can search the internet for a little more information on the entrance hole sizes.

Once you have your Blue Jay house done, you can fasten a wire hanger onto it, or create a pole type hanger, the choice is up to you. You can paint the bird house in any color or style you want. Making Blue Jay bird houses is not just a great hobby for fun and possibly earning some extra money, it’s also a great way to help shake the winter blues.

There is a website that describes numerous activities and other methods to help eliminate the Winter Blues, this website is called: Winter Activities – and it may be found at this url: http://www.winter-activities.com

You may publish this article in your ezine, newsletter or on your web site as long as it is reprinted in its entirety and without modification except for formatting needs or grammar corrections.

—————————————————-

Robert W. Benjamin has been involved in weight loss and has been researching the Winter Blues for a few years. He age 50, he reduced his body weight from 400 lbs to 185 lbs. If you want to turn your life around, and read other great info and ideas on beating the winter blues, please check out the website below:

Visit the website Winter Activities by clicking the following link:

http://www.winter-activities.com

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May 16, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Visalus Scam – A Review Of The Truth

Categories: Visalus
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And what is the Body By Vi Challenge anyway? Many people have these questions, so I decided that I would do a review on this company to find these answers. You listen to stories of people looking for financial freedom in a short period of time and you are wondering, are these stories really true? Do folks really have stories like that?

These stories are absolutely true. And if you read this entire review, I will reveal why people think it is a scam and how to ensure your success in this business.

ViSalus Vision

The vision of this company is to combine passion for individuals with the values of health and entrepreneurship. ViSalus is a community committed to making a positive impact on the life, health and prosperity of everyone they can reach. Sounds great to me!

What Is The Body By Vi Challenge?

The Body By Vi Challenge is a 90 day challenge that is designed to transform your health. There are 3 separate programs that you can choose from depending on your health goals and how fast you want to reach your goals. All kits come with the Vi-Shape Nutritional Shake Mix, a Chocolate Health Flavor Mix-In (add this to your shake to benefit your heart) and you will also get access to an online health membership where you can go to get recipes, menu plans, exercise videos, progress trackers, and if you feel like cheating on your diet, you can visit the community support.

The program provides 2 full meals. I am sure some of you are wondering how much does the kit cost. It is comparable to the cost of a fast food lunch. The program will help you lose weight even if you don’t exercise, but I have to ask, do you want to achieve results fast or slow? Plus, exercise is so healthy for you, why not just do it?

kit for free. The Body By Vi Challenge also rewards those that have success stories. Prizes include a Hollywood Vacation, cruises, and other great rewards.

So What About The Business Opportunity?

The Health and Wellness industry is gigantic and Visalus has created an opportunity for anyone to reach their financial dreams. This opportunity is something that you can start working parttime without leaving your current job and it has unlimited financial possibilities.

But, you will see many articles on the internet claiming that Visalus and the Body By Vi Challenge is a scam or you may read about some complaints about the business. Truth is, Visalus is not a scam. It is a real life business opportunity.

When individuals claim that they have failed in ViSalus, it is because of 1 or 2 reasons.

1). They flat out didn’t do anything. They joined and didn’t market the services or didn’t go to work.
2). They were not taught how to promote the business and they lacked upline support. Let’s face it, not all reps are properly train and support their team. This is an unfortunate situation, but there is hope.

If you are now in ViSalus and find yourself not seeing the results you want in your home business, you can seek out other means to assist you online. There are training programs that teach you how to grow your business on the internet, in the event you have run out of people to talk to. The internet is a powerful way to generate new customers for your business, but many people don’t know how to use it to their advantage. You must seek out leaders that have already succeeded in the mlm industry to show you how.

Written by sharadrao

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May 15, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Herbal Hgh

Categories: HGH
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Herbal HGH Supplements

The Human Growth Hormone, or HGH, has been receiving a lot of attention because of its many benefits to the human body. HGH, which is found in high levels within children during growth and puberty, is a hormone that is naturally created within the body and causes cell growth and has also been found to slow, and even reverse some physical results of aging. HGH supplements are making it possible for adults to increase their HGH levels and reap both the anti-aging benefits and enjoy increased muscle mass along with decreased body fat. While there are many HGH supplements available for purchase and consumption, these supplements are not all created equal. It is important for those considering HGH supplements to choose a safe and effective product, which makes herbal HGH supplements the preferred choice.

Why Is Herbal HGH A Better Choice?

Most people not only want a product that provides great results, but also ensures their safety and does not result in negative and dangerous side effects. Herbal HGH is the safest form of HGH supplements available. Herbal HGH supplements are considered to be supplements that are made up of natural, herbal ingredients, instead of synthetic or artificial ingredients. These herbal ingredients are not only all natural and safe for human consumption, but they are just as effective as many synthetic substances. Fortunately, it is not necessary to sacrifice quality for safety when choosing an herbal supplement.

What Is The Best Herbal HGH Supplement?

The best herbal HGH supplement is Sytropin. Sytropin is a herbal supplement that provides users with many amazing benefits including anti-aging benefits, increased muscle mass, decreased body fat, increased libido, added energy, a stronger immune system, and restores much of the body’s functioning to what it was during youth. Increasing HGH levels in adults results in the body restoring its physical condition and appearance to both function and appear more youthful.

Sytropin helps the body restore a youthful appearance by diminishing wrinkles and improving the overall appearance of the skin. In some cases, users have even reported experiencing a re-pigmentation of gray hair, which leads to an added appearance of youth. The body does not only appear younger, but the immune system enjoys a healthy boost and both libido and energy levels are restored to what they were years prior. These results, along with increased muscle mass, lowered body fat percentage, and healthy weight loss, leaves users truly experiencing a reversal of the aging process.

To receive more information on how Sytropin works, browse testimonials provided by satisfied customers, or view the herbal ingredients of Sytropin, www.Sytropin.com, offers all of this information and more. While all HGH supplements are not equally effective, users of Sytropin can be sure that they are using a safe, effective, and herbal HGH supplement. Sytropin will provide results to users who want to build a hard, athletic body, or who simply desire to appear younger.

About author:

Amar works as a copy writer, specializes in promoting websites for highly competitive keywords like Herbal HGH and HGH.

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May 15, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

About Best Hosting Services

Categories: Web Hosting
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Although there are many hosting services, few people get results. The Internet is a place where people are interested in money and not lose it. Therefore require the services that have real benefits that can be easily converted into cash. There are three of the hosting services that are establishing their mark.

Web hosting is a business turns more money on the World Wide Web. It is a very popular service that is required by many companies. It let people have websites that are now essential tools in the marketing of goods and services. There are many hosting companies and there is strong competition between them. To beat their competitors, companies must offer “unique packages and services” to its customers. These packages must be very attractive in terms of services and prices. Be a powerful marketing tool to attract customers who want to capitalize.

Unlimited is hosting another one of these hosting packages. At that time, where there is demand for more disk space and RAM, is a popular feature. It allows customers to take full advantage of the benefits of having total control over their websites. However, customers must understand that they cannot have complete and unlimited control. It is virtually impossible unless the hosting companies are willing to go bankrupt. There are minor limitations to the speed that customers use disk space, but can still enjoy the benefits. Each hosting company has different terms in their contracts. It is important that customers are fully aware of these terms in order to fully benefit.

The other example of another good hosting service is unlimited hosting of domain. Having a domain name is one of the most important features of any website. This means that there is no end to the movement of clients who require hosting services domain. Domain names are powerful in drawing traffic to web sites especially if they are the most popular. One of the best benefits for customers is the ability to perform data transfers. With this kind of unlimited service, no need to worry about economizingthe allowance.

These are only a minority of the number of hosting service available. However, not all is good and fruitful. These three services can make you a lot of money, especially if you employ good marketing strategies and their services are reliable and always available for customers. You can also enjoy the monetary benefits associated with the use of these services. These are affordable without compromising quality. With the many features offered by hosting companies, customers can use them for their own benefit.

Written by animesh

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May 14, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Limited Edition Electronic Book Reader

Categories: Kindle
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When Amazon first released the original kindle reader, it took the world of book readers by storm with its amazing features and capabilities. The world of book enthusiasts has never been the same after that. The excitement and interest did not stop there though. The release of the second generation Kindle sparked even more interest and popularity among the book loving population. After the release of Amazon’s Kindle 3, a third generation eBook reader, they successfully established the fact that these devices are the future of book reading.

The features that come with the Kindle 3, or the third generation Kindle, includes 3G technology connectivity. This means that this 8.7 ounce reading device is capable of connecting to a 3G network that allows the user to download eBooks or subscribe to his or her favorite magazine from almost any location where a 3G network is available.

The Kindle 3, which is only a third of an inch thick, can be quite appealing to any consumer, especially those insatiable readers who love the new features.

In what seemed like eons ago, before Amazon gave us this awesome electronic book reader, organizing and collecting books, newspapers, and magazines is overwhelmingly time consuming. The books and magazines can take up a considerable amount of storage space as well. With the Kindle eBook reader, we can now enjoy reading, collecting and organizing all our favorite books with the greatest of ease. The completely new experience of using an eBook reader doesn’t hurt as well. In addition, because your entire collection of eBooks are stored in little memory cards, you can essentially carry your library anywhere you want to, you can even share them with your friends.

With that said, imagine how helpful it would be for a high school or college student to have a Kindle reader to store all of his or her textbooks. Conventional textbooks, especially in universities, can be as thick as a brick. Imagine carrying a couple of those on a flight of stairs. The student’s energy will be spent by the time he or she reaches the classroom. With an eBook reader, all textbooks that these young minds need to study can easily be stored and accessed.

To a student, there are many health risks that can manifest from carrying heavy loads of textbooks almost regularly, especially among teenagers who are still growing. By the time a student starts his or her college education; his or her body will have already endured a considerable amount of stress. Because of this, some teenagers are already complaining of back pains that can be attributed to carrying heavy textbooks. With the development of specially designed backpacks, the effects may have been reduced, but not eliminated completely. Having an electronic reading device, on the other hand, may just provide the perfect solution to this particular problem.

With the help of this extraordinary electronic book reader from Amazon, the problem that most students are facing with their large and heavy textbooks may just be over. High school and college students are already facing a great challenge inside the classrooms, with the aid of the Kindle, hopefully, this will make things easier for them inside, as well as outside the classrooms.

You want to know more details about eBook Reader Comparison? Check out further information at Electronic Book Reader.

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May 14, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Fx Childs Play Forex Trading Software ? Is It Really All That?

Categories: Forex
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Many experts say that knowing forex for dummies, and other basic preparatory materials are not enough. In order to succeed in the world’s biggest market, you should get help from a tried and tested trading tool. The Fx Childs Play Forex Trading Software is one such tool.

One of the first things you are sure to notice about this particular system is that it is totally uncomplicated, which is not something you can say about most trading tools out there. Many new forex traders find themselves in great appreciation of the Fx Childs Play Forex Trading Software because it doesn’t leave them stumped and confused. There is an accompanying video that makes certain points clearer and the tool’s features understandable. This trading software won’t alienate you but, instead, make you feel as if you’ve been trading for a long time.

The Fx Child’s Play Forex trading system is also accurate, which, in the world of forex, means that it is profitable. Of course, this is the most important feature you should be looking for in a trading tool. So, what makes play forex accurate? To achieve this, the system makes use of a customized indicator, plus three EMAs all working to minimize risks and produce amazing results. The process is simple yet foolproof. The system also uses its own rules for money management, points out identifiable quick entry and exit signals, and allows you to trade in any or all the time frames available (from the five-minute chart to the weekly chart).

With all these incredible features, you can bet the Fx Childs Play Software is really all that. It is no doubt a trading tool you can trust to get you the kind of profits you want. Get your own Fx Childs Play Forex Trading Software now and enjoy earning in forex trading.

Written by Trevor Poulson
I own T.K. Financial Group, L.L.C. and write reviews on marketing & financial products

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May 13, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Kitesurf Varberg – Essential Safety Guidelines For Kitesurfers

Categories: Kitesurfing
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Avoid picking up bad habits – take a basic kite surfing course Be safe rather than sorry – this especially true for those who are beginners to novice kite surfers.
First thing you need to do is to dissolve the chicken loop to ensure its operation.
It is not just your own safety, it is others too. In pursuit of this sport be responsible and respectful to others.
Attach your ropes, just before you get into the water.
After landing, is the right moment to secure the kite hedge and secure it to the ground by taking the leash line to the opposite end. It is always a good idea to use a handfuls of sand to weigh down the kite when not in use.
Keep in mind the effect that wind has when swirling around buildings, trees or rocks before starting off or landing.
The purpose of the dead man’s safety system is to cut off power to the kite immediately under emergency situations.Know how to detach yourself from your kite under all conditions.
If there is an airport nearby, don’t kitesurf.
For your own safety, avoid kite surfing before, during or after a thunderstorm.
Kite cords can be cut at anytime you wish. Kite lines must not get tangled up around your body or hands, because they cut of your limbs easily. Free and open water is the best place to kitesurf , away from densely populated areas on land and sea. Take the precaution by choosing to take off on clear sections of the beach that does not have people.
Spectators should be located to windward of kite surfer.
Choose an unoccupied of the beach when you take off.
Avoid kite surfing in the wind from the land if you can run towards the open sea. Good kite surfing areas have a rescue boat for emergencies. Also, be sure you can handle the difficult situations that may arise, such as a broken leg or kits to breakage.
Please use the life jacket and helmet.
Never use leg harness attached to the board in which this can be very dangerous because it can cause the board hit the back of the head.
Do not ask non-kite surfers for help when you land or take off kits. Be clear about your intentions and talk to people before you help and making clear signs. Make sure it will help you or the people around know how to handle equipment safely and how to behave kits.
Until you build up experience avoid strong winds.
As a beginner, you usually spend more time in water, so use because a thicker wetsuit than you would otherwise have chosen.
If possible, choose a harness with handles on the back. This makes it easier to assist each other in difficult situations where the kits have much traction.
Keep in mind the distance you kite surf off shore, in case you have to swim back.
The kite lines can be cut with a razor in emergency.

Written by kitenu

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May 13, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Advantages of Windows 7

Categories: Windows 7 Sp1
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Windows 7is the latest release of operating system by Microsoft in the month of July 2009. It has improved the performance of computer system. It incorporates latest features and functions. Users of computers & laptops were given no choice but to switch to windows Vista after windows XP. In this write up, we shall read about why Microsoft Windows 7 is considered better than Microsoft Vista & how can the user optimize the satisfaction factor to a significant extent. We shall also read about computer support available for troubleshooting problems in windows 7.

Windows 7 has become the choice of home and high-end users who are looking for best operating system. Let us now discuss why Windows 7 is considered better over Windows Vista & far more superior to windows XP.

The time taken by Windows 7 to boot is quite more than that taken by Vista & XP especially when large files have to be transferred. The latest OS is also better than Windows Vista and windows XP when it comes to opening small & heavy duty excel worksheet and PDF files. When a window 7 is compared with windows Vista, we can find out that the user account control creates many problems. The best feature in Windows 7 is that it offers advanced support for numerous varied graphics cards from several vendors & computer users do not face cluttering & bloating problems faced by windows Vista users. Apart from these windows 7 has many other advanced features like consolidated icon for firewall activation, windows defender & windows setting that can be personalized by computer users. Even with respect to home networking Windows 7 is considered better than Vista and XP. In fact Microsoft has improved the latest windows 7 version after it was criticized for features of Vista and XP version.

However, Windows 7 version can also face many problems. In fact every OS can encounter many problems and windows 7 can not be considered as an exception. However, problems can be instantly solved by opting for professional PC tech support services. The best option is to go for online computer help and online PC support services. As computer tech help services are affordable and easily accessible, these services are becoming more and more popular.

If you are novice computer user and you want to avail services from search engines like Google, you must enter words like “computer support service”, “computer tech help” or “online computer help” and you will get directed to reliable computer support service provider. You can conduct detailed market research to make comparison between service providers.

Barbara Mori is a technician working for Askpcexperts.com for many years. Ask PC Experts provides Computer Support, Online PC Repair and Live PC Support that are useful in repair, maintenance and tune up of your computer. Visit Askpcexperts.com for any Online Computer Help

Written by barbara00a

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May 12, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Guide to Install Windows 7 on an Imac or Apple Computer

Categories: Windows 7 Sp1
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Windows 7 is the version of Microsoft operating systems which created for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Now you can install windows 7 on an iMac or apple computer. Here you can get details about how to install windows 7 on an Apple iMac.

Windows 7 requires Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard and the Boot Camp 3.1 Update. If you have apple iMac computer and want to install window 7, then first buy copy of window 7. Check out our guide to different Windows 7 versions before dropping 0 on the rather unnecessary “Ultimate” package, and don’t forget you can grab a student copy for with an .edu e-mail address.

Second upgrade to boot camp 3, previous versions of Boot camp did not openly support window 7. But, recently, almost all version of Boot camp includes full support for Windows 7, which should save you from all these headaches. Simply go to the Apple menu on your Mac and select Software Update, which will grab the latest version for you.

Once you upgrade to boot camp 3.1then create new partition for widows 7 on your hard drive to install it. Open Boot Camp Assistant by looking in the Utilities folder under Applications. The intuitive software will walk you through the process, just make sure to create an NTFS partition, since you won’t be able to install Windows 7 on any other type, and make it a minimum of 16GB. With Boot Camp Assistant still open, choose the option to “Start the Windows installer.

Source : B4tea.com

Written by melanie4d00

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May 12, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Mesothelioma – Asbestos Poisoning and Mesothelioma Lawyer FAQ’s

Categories: Mesothelioma
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If you or anyone you know have been exposed to such things as hazardous materials containing asbestos you may want to get checked out by a physician. Asbestos poisoning can lead to a cancer known as mesothelioma. There are several different types of mesothelioma as well including;

Malignant pleural mesothelioma -This type is a malignant cancer of the lungs, which is the most common type of the disease seen in patients suffering due to the inhalation of the asbestos fibers. This can be caused by working in such hazardous occupations as welding and fabrication plants, various types of construction, and many other industrial occuptions handling hazardous scrap materials. Pleural mesothelioma is most commonly apparent before other forms of the cancer, as the lungs are the first organ exposed to the asbestos. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is the most common as opposed to just pleural mesothelioma as the exposure rate of the lungs is higher than other organs, and cancerous growth is more eminent.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects mesothelium lining of the abdomen, and is due to exposure of asbestos dust.

Most cases seen are in some way pleural affecting the lungs as the asbestos fibers must be inhaled through the airways in order to enter the body in the first place. That’s why you also may see cases in which the patient has both pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. The mesothelium lining which lines the body’s internal organs is a protective tissue lining in which malignant cells develop in.

Pericardial mesothelioma is cancer of the heart in which the mesothelium of the heart is affected with malignant cancer cell growth. This can be an especially dangerous form of the cancer as it can impair the function of the heart through affective disorder of the protective heart lining or mesothelium of the heart.

In cases where tumor growth is present it is especially dangerous of the pericardium. The pericardial lining is present inside the ribs or pleura and in or around the abdominal organs which is the peritoneum. Unfortunately, by the time this disease is diagnosed it is almost always fatal. Because of the rate of use in asbestos type materials several decades ago there has been seen an influx of mesothelioma cases due to the incubation rate of the disease in patients suffering from this type of cancer. It is important that if you even think you may have been subject to exposure of asbestos of any kind including that of old paint or old building materials you get checked out immediately even if no symptoms are present. It’s unfortunate that symptoms cannot be used as an indicator for the disease due to the high fatality rate.

If you have been exposed to such materials or even think you may have it is also suggested that you seek the aid of a mesothelioma lawyer who can help make you aware of your rights, and to the fault of the exposure. This can help take a load off on the costs of getting tests run and initiating treatment to help treat the disease before the onset of symptoms occur. They can make you aware of your rights, and what you can do in such a case. They are equipped with many resources to help you find the best physicians and treatments as well.

There are also many mesothelioma attorneys who are now assigned to cases of asbestos poisening who act on behalf of both the affected and the defendant as well. There are several class action mesothelioma lawsuits against asbestos exposure due to the unlawful intent of several companies operating in such unsafe condition; as to make their workers in danger of asbestos poising leading up to mesothelioma disorder. If you think you may have rights to such a mesothelioma lawsuit an attorney can help determine if you qualify, and aide you in getting the process started. They are a good resource and starting point when you become aware that you have been affected by asbestos in your life.

For more information on getting a Mesothelioma Lawyer or mesothelioma symptoms, treatment or lawsuit info, visit http://MesotheliomaLawyers.ENewsHealth.com for free resources and information.

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May 11, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

How To Attact Garden Birds

Categories: Bird Houses For Sale
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They increasingly rely on parks and gardens for food, shelter and nesting sites. You can encourage many different species of bird to visit your garden with just a bit of thought, some simple bird feeders and a regular supply of correct, good quality food. Even a small back yard could support a variety of wild birds if food and water are supplied on a daily basis.
Song Thrush hunting Recent surveys show that many previously common garden birds, are rapidly declining in numbers, as nesting sites are lost and food sources dwindle. A very small garden may have ten – twenty different species dropping in over the course of a year. An average sized garden on the outskirts of a town could have as many as 30 different species.
When to feed?
It used to be thought that you should only feed wild birds during the winter months. Feeding during the rest of the year is now considered to benefit birds by providing food for adults when they need to build up reserves for breeding. This allows parents more time to search for suitable food for their young. It also provides food for young birds after they have left the nest, a critical period in their life.
Robin enjoying a selection of good quality food Feed regularly
Once you get into a routine, try and keep to it. Your regular visitors will come to rely on the menu you provide, so it’s important you don’t let them down. In winter, when night temperatures can plummet to below freezing, good quality food will help to sustain small birds through harsh conditions.
Hygiene matters!
If you adopt a regular cleaning routine, your visitors should stay healthy. Remember to wear rubber gloves, and wash your hands thoroughly afterwards.

    * Clean birdbaths and drinking water containers daily and re-fill with fresh water.
    * Scrape off droppings from bird tables before you add more food.
    * Move your feeders regularly and don’t scatter food on the ground in the same place each day.
    * Remove debris from hanging feeders and clean perches.
    * At least every other month clean feeders, birdbaths and bird tables with a mild disinfectant solution. Afterwards, rinse thoroughly with lots of fresh water.
    * Put enough food on bird tables to last for one day, it should all be gone by nightfall otherwise the scraps may attract vermin.

Where?
Take a few moments to study the area where you intend to site the feeders. You will probably choose a spot where you can watch the birds from a window. That’s fine, but try to position bird tables and water containers away from ground cover where a cat could hide. Birds have a better chance of spotting predators if there are plenty of places to perch and look around before landing to feed. Hanging seed feeders could be attached to a bird table but if you have the space they are better sited around the garden.
Feeding station A feeding station can be used to site different types of food which can attract a variety of different species.
Create a garden for birds
There are lots of small changes you can make to your garden and the way you care for it, which will help to attract more birds and provide the food they need.
Blue Tit on a teasel Which plants?
Choose plants which produce berries and seeds. Rowan, spindle, hawthorn, cotoneaster, honeysuckle, holly and ivy all have berries which birds love. Bullfinches like forsythia buds and the seeds of honesty. Goldfinches especially like teasel, sunflower and lavender seeds. If you have enough space, plant native trees like willow, oak and birch as they can support huge numbers of insects and caterpillars.
Go organic
Reduce the number of pesticides used in your garden and you will find that insect populations will increase. Aphids are a garden pest, but with an increasing bird, ladybird and lacewing population, the aphids will be kept under control.
Too tidy?
Most of us like to have a tidy garden, but try and leave a few areas where bugs can thrive and multiply. A pile of old logs will become home to all sorts of small creatures and a bank of stinging nettles will attract ladybirds. Insects need safe places to over-winter, so allow leaves to rot down where they lie, rather than clearing them up. In a large garden, make an area of wildflower meadow and leave mowing until after the flowers have seeded. If you have a fruit cage, leave it open at the end of the season and allow the birds in, they will really appreciate any leftover fruit. Plant an apple tree and leave windfalls on the ground, members of the thrush family will love to clear them up.
Song Thrush collecting worms Lawns If you have a cultivated lawn, Blackbirds, Starlings, Robins and Wagtails can all be found hunting for leatherjackets, worms and flies. The Song Thrush will also search for snails and is a gardeners real friend. Provide a flat stone in the middle of the lawn for thrushes to use as an anvil to crack open the shells.
Dunnock feeding young Nesting In early spring place small bundles of straw, hay, dog hair or feathers around the garden; birds will use it to line their nests. Plant a native hedge, or create a thicket to encourage birds to nest in safety. Site nest boxes where the inhabitants won’t be disturbed and remember to tilt them down a little so that rain will not blow into the opening. Tit boxes should be put in an open position, facing north to southeast through east. Open-fronted boxes should be sited in cover. All nest boxes sold at B&Q are made from FSC certified wood.
What to feed and where
Blue Tit Blue Tit: Prefers hanging feeder. Peanuts, sunflower seed, fat and suet.
Blackbird Blackbird (juvenile): Prefers ground feeding. Seed mixes, fallen fruit, fat and suet.
Chaffinch: Chaffinch: Prefers bird table. Seed mixes and sunflower seed.
Robin: Robin: Prefers bird table. Seed mixes, mealworm, fat and suet.
Greenfinch: Greenfinch: Prefers hanging feeder. Seed mixes, peanuts and sunflower seed.
Coal Tit: Coal Tit: Prefers hanging feeder. Peanuts and sunflower seed.
Great Tit: Great Tit: Prefers hanging feeder. Peanuts, sunflower seed, fat and suet.
Siskin: Siskin: Prefers hanging feeder. Peanuts, sunflower seed and thistle seed.
Dunnock: Dunnock: Prefers ground feeding. Peanuts, mealworm, fat and suet.
Goldfinch: Goldfinch: Prefers hanging feeder. Seed mixes, sunflower seed and thistle seed.
Which feeder?
There are many types of feeder on the market. Different species of bird have different feeding habits, so if you can place a variety of feeders around the garden, you will attract a wider range of birds.
Robin using a decorative bird table Bird tables come in many styles, colours and materials; from the traditional wooden house design, to gothic splendour. They look attractive and make an interesting focal point on a garden lawn. Choose one which drains away rainwater, and has a lip around the table to prevent seed from falling off. All bird tables sold at B&Q are made from FSC certified wood.
Great-Spotted Woodpecker on a hanging peanut feeder Peanut feeders should be made from rigid wire mesh, with a mesh size which will allow birds to take only small pieces. Large chunks of peanut are a potential choking hazard to babies if parent birds are taking food for their young.
Marsh Tit on a seed feeder Seed feeders
are available in many interesting and imaginative designs. Make sure you choose one which can be cleaned easily and doesn’t have awkward corners which will retain mouldy seed.
Seed feedersFat balls and suet
can be placed on the bird table or into a special hanging dispenser. These are particularly good for birds over the winter months when they need extra energy to keep warm.
Thistle/nyjer seed
should be dispensed in a special type of feeder which has small portholes to prevent the tiny seed from running out too quickly.
Provide good quality food
Wild bird seed mix
contains a selection of seeds suitable for feeders, bird tables and scattering on the ground. Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of oils and protein and can be fed from a feeder or bird table.
Thistle/nyjer seeds
are loved by Siskins and Goldfinches, they are small black seeds which are high in oil.
Dried mealworms
are a treat for insect eating birds. They can be soaked for a few minutes before adding to the bird table.
Blue Tit on fat ball dispenser Fat balls and suet
are useful for providing energy in cold conditions. Place on the bird table or into a special holder.
Peanuts
should be purchased from a reputable source as they can be harmful if not stored correctly. They must be tested for the presence of aflatoxins and only those certified as having a nil detectable level should be purchased. Never feed salted peanuts.
Household scraps
safe for birds include – pastry, soaked bread, dried fruits, grated cheese, porridge, apples, half a fresh coconut, cooked potatoes and unsalted nuts.

Written by sandrasmith10
Professional Architect and Landscape Designer

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May 11, 2012, Author: admin, Comments Off

Technology Dependency: Living in the Age of the Glowing Screens

Categories: Wine Glass Charms
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How dependent are we on technology? Are we really aware of how much time we spend in front of the glowing screens of our cell phones, computers, and televisions?

           

            As our daily activities become increasingly augmented by technology and entertainment media, we are compelled take a step back and assess our choices.

            What role does entertainment technology play in our lives?

            How much time will we choose to spend online, on our cell-phone, or watching television?

            Are we aware and conscious enough to make decisions about how we relate to these media?

            Beneath these questions is the more fundamental one: Do our values regarding entertainment really match up with the amount of time we dedicate to being entertained?

            *         

            On a personal note, I don’t believe that watching television is bad or that surfing the internet is “wrong” or wasteful. We’ve got to do something with our time. And we might as well have some fun.

            I believe, in my heart, that fun is good.

            You can quote me on that.

            I do get afraid sometimes though. I fear losing control of my own decisions and letting questionable habits drive me toward what is always easier – and less rewarding than pursuits that require more effort and thought.  

            Here, the term for fun in Spanish comes to mind: divertido: fun as diverting: fun as diversion. It’s an easy connection to make. It’s also easy to see entertainment technology as diversion. Diversion from what? I don’t know. Don’t ask me. But don’t you ever feel distracted while watching television? Don’t you find yourself wondering what it was you were just thinking about before the commercial, before the webpage loaded?

            Our attention is being diverted from itself, somehow. It no longer holds together.

             I don’t want to wake up in twenty years and ask myself, “What was I doing again?” and have no answer.

            There is a need then to come to grips with a decision about what role I will allow entertainment to play in my life, which is the flip-side of the coin determining what role my mind will play in my life. Entertainment is a must. This is America! And I am an American through and through. Maybe that’s why I worry about myself falling into the “vast cultural wasteland” that seems to gape at the doorstep with ever greater gravity, ubiquity, and promise.

            What follows here is not a moral argument. What follows is not an argument at all, but a reflection on the speed and nature of the ongoing cultural shift in America focusing especially on the most prolific and impacting technologies of entertainment that have been incorporated into our daily routines over the recent decades.

            (Consider the italicized sections as contextual asides.)

            *

            At the time of the first Apollo space missions, computers were in the earliest stages of development and were so large as to fill large rooms. A pocket-sized cell phone today has more computing power than one of those room-sized machines and nearly everyone has one.

            *

Things change.

            I grew up in the 80’s and 90’s, graduating high school in 1998 in the Midwest. Things were different back then. With great regularity we talk about how the world is changing, at least here in America, and how rapid the changes have become. We are constantly reminded of the changes taking place, but we have stopped envisioning the future.

            From one week to the next there is a new big news story – no longer do stories continue to be told for more than a few days. The phrase “short attention span” rings in our ears.

            Every year brings another leap in technology and yet another technological fad. Once there was MySpace and now there is Facebook. What’s next? From Wii to what?

            Where is our Jules Verne? Who can see what is coming now?

            We ask what’s next and have no idea what shape the answer will take.

            *

            When I was a boy, the first in-home video game system was released: The Atari. Less than ten years later a chain of inspirations would begin – Nintendo would inspire Sega would inspire Play Station would inspire X-Box would inspire Wii and a multi-billion dollar per year games industry.

            *

            The White House is promoting plans for high speed rails all across the country. The New York Times recently published an article about sending men to Mars – and not bringing them back; a one way ticket to interplanetary travel. Permanent Martian vacation.

            Though both of these plans would take years to realize – if they were ever realized – myriad other changes in the fabric of our world culture and our local culture would take place in the mean time.

            I find the task of imagining that future world impossible. A world with humans on Mars and the USA crisscrossed by high-speed trains. Oddly, this does not feel like a futuristic situation. It feels like science-fiction from one hundred years ago. Europe and Asia already have high-speed trains. Space travel has long been focused on the international space station and meta-space-travel via super-high-resolution deep-space telescopes.

            *

            When I was a boy, even the humongous car-phones didn’t exist. It wasn’t until the mid-nineties that portable phones became practical. Ten years later, more than 25% of America would have cell phone. Now, a considerable percentage of Americans don’t even have land-line phone service.

            *         

            Of course, traveling to Mars is not a step backwards. Many Americans have a romance with trains too and already adore the idea of streaking through the country-side, wine glass in hand, watching the world flash by, imagining the sounds the cows make, their mouths half-full of the tall grass of Wyoming lowing in their pasture while the glass and steel of the train carries the dreamers on and on…

            But, what will be the state of our culture in five years? Ten years? Practically speaking, our culture and our country will be much as it is now. Changes in infrastructure and space-travel aside, we will still speak English, eat fast food, and watch huge amounts of television.

            Within each of these areas changes will happen. New words will be introduced to the language and the dictionary will grow. Foods will be altered, genetically and categorically. Perhaps we will witness the rise of the fast-food mashed potato, or the emergence of tofu fries. Cable television will continue its rapid evolution into the “vast wasteland” it has always promised to be – but the picture will be more vivid and clear than real life!

            *

            When I was a boy, music was played on audio cassettes, movies were played on video cassettes and personal computers did not exist. By the time I graduated high school, cassettes had been replaced by discs and a vast majority of middle-class homes owned computers and had begun plugging them in to the world wide web.

            *

            Perhaps pointing to fast food and television seems silly. Are these really the markers of our culture? Can we say, with any weight, that changes in television will create changes in our day to day lives?

            I would answer these questions with this thought: culture is a mixture of elements, from etiquette to cuisine to habits and values. Nearly everything counts. We might say that culture is cumulative.

            The truth of the cumulative idea should be apparent when we envision a single day in our lives. I’ll use myself as an example.

            An alarm on my cell phone wakes me up.

            I shave, shower, and dress.

            I drive my car to work, where I punch in a code to turn off an alarm system that is electronically tied in to the local sheriff station as well as the alarm company’s central nervous system.

            After a while, I sit down to check accounts on a computer, spending time gazing into this glowing screen intermittently throughout the day, often using at least an hour of my time in this posture of staring into the computer’s glow.

            Later I will text message my girlfriend, spending time gazing into the glowing screen of my cell phone. At the end of the day, I return home and read.

            I cook dinner on a gas stove then put in a movie and gaze at the glowing screen of a television.

            Then I read again and sleep.

            Over the course of this day – where I have done work, really, somewhere in there – many of my activities are either directly involved with technology or augmented by it. My morning ablutions, my reading and my cooking are all relatively ancient activities. I could have performed these functions fifty years ago in exactly the same way that I do now.

            *

            When I was a boy, the television had knobs on it that had to be turned by hand. We had a thing called UHF. I think the F stood for frequency, a thing that had to be adjusted to get a good picture. Broadcast television is now digital.

            *

            The glowing screens I spend my time with have been around for a while, though it is in their example that we begin to see the accumulation of changes taking place in our culture.

            When my parents were my age a regular alarm clock would have woken them, not a cell phone with its chirps and whistles and, yes, its flashing illuminated screen.

            When my parents were my age, “cell phone” did not exist as a phrase in English.    When my parents were my age VCR’s had just come on the market, computers were used in businesses mainly for word processing but “personal computers” were not yet on the horizon.

            The advent of text messaging is, obviously, just one of many cell phone innovations leading to greater and greater degrees of dependency on this hand-held item among the multitude. The availability of business services online, as well as communication services, has drawn many of us to spend increasing hours on the computer. This is not news. This is not a shocking revelation. It is, however, a considerable change from the way things used to be.

            As frivolous and insignificant as time spent computing might seem, the number of hours Americans spend gazing into a glowing screen is truly significant. Anything that we do for more than an hour every day is significant.

            Between your cell phone, your computer and your television, how much time do you spend every day gazing into a glowing screen?

            At this point, I would hasten to suggest that there is no moral problem with technology. Texting is not morally wrong. Watching TV is not immoral. Not at all. Reflecting on how much time we spend being entertained is an assessment of what we are doing with our time, not a measure of our goodness as people.  

            *

            The iconic image from the film Poltergeist comes to mind here, of the little girl getting sucked into the television then stuck in a netherworld from which she cannot escape.

            Wisdom, as usual, suggests that moderation is the answer to the question of how we should sort out our activities. Moderate amounts of television allows for time for exercise. Moderate amounts of time spent texting allows for time to read and learn. Moderate time on the computer online allows for family discussion.

            Now the essay sounds like a moral tale, but it isn’t.  

            Again, there is no moral imperative which would have us spend more time in the real world than in the virtual world of the glowing screen. We can do whatever we want. This is America, after all. It is not wrong to spend hours online. It is not right either. The internet is morally inert, just as a gun is morally inert. These are tools and we can act through them for good or bad.

            Another point on moderation: in order to practice moderation, a person has to make choices.

            Herein lies the practical danger that faces us with these technologies. Are we choosing to use these entertainment technologies, or are we incorporating them into our lives without deciding, choosing, or thinking?

            Reflection is required. This point on reflection is intended to be practical. 

            This is the same kind of reflection that lends meaning to our lives. This is the type of reflection that led Socrates to famously say that a life unexamined is a life not worth living.

            Pragmatically speaking, reflection is a prerequisite for choice. One must be aware of one’s options in order to make a conscious decision.

            Without reflection we give up our lives to technology by giving up our own volition as to when and how much we will engage in being entertained.

            I don’t like to think that the television will suck me in because it wants to. If I want to be sucked in to the glowing screen netherworld, I’d like it to be my choice.

            *

            Entertainment technology is everywhere. Using these technologies is as easy as not using it. Actually, using entertainment technology has become easier than not using it.  

            Is it helpful or just creepy to picture yourself inside the television, like the child from Poltergeist, watching yourself on the couch staring into the glowing screen?

            *                                  *                                  *

            Full Disclosure: I watch a movie almost every day and spend a good amount of time on the computer. This discussion is an exploration, therefore, of a familiar agony and my position is that of the insider and not that of the detached advice-giving critic.

           

           

Written by poeticwax

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